Methylene Blue

Mitochondrial, cognitive

Status

Available at launch

Mechanism

Methylene blue is a phenothiazine dye with a unique redox cycle. At low doses it acts as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, increasing ATP production independent of complex I–IV. It also inhibits monoamine oxidase and nitric oxide synthase, with neuroprotective implications in preclinical models.

Indications

→Mitochondrial efficiency and energy

→Cognitive function and memory consolidation

→Neuroprotection research contexts

→Mood support (MAO-A inhibition at low doses)

Regulatory status

Pharmaceutical-grade methylene blue (ProvayBlue) is FDA-approved for methemoglobinemia. Low-dose compounded formulations for cognitive/mitochondrial use are prescribed off-label via 503A pharmacies.

References

01Rojas JC, Gonzalez-Lima F. Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain. Eye Brain. 2011.

02FDA 503A — eligible as compounded low-dose preparation.

This fact sheet is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Compounded medications are not FDA-approved. Prescribing decisions are made by a licensed clinician based on individual medical necessity. Not all patients qualify.